Parameter Dependent Refinements for the Sinc Hyperbolic Function and Applications
Abstract
In this paper, we prove for \ $x \in (0,\infty)$ the double inequality for the Sinc hyperbolic function
$$\left( -2\, \left( {\frac {\tanh x }{x}} \right) ^{-\frac{ r}{2}}+3\, \left( \cosh x \right) ^{\frac{ r}{3}} \right) ^{\frac{1}{r}}
< \ {\frac {\sinh x }{x}}\ <\ \cosh x \left( \frac{2}{3} \left( {\frac {\tanh x }{x}} \right) ^{\frac{3}{2}
\,r}+\frac{1}{3} \right) ^{\frac{1}{r}}.$$ Both bounds converge to \ ${\frac {\sinh x }{x}}$ \ as $r$ approaches zero from the right.
Similar double inequalities are provided for the Huygens and the Wilker functions as well as for the Lazarewi\'c function.
Downloads
References
Bhayo, B. A., & Sandor, J. (2015). On certain old and new trigonometric and hyperbolic inequalities. Analysis Mathematica, 41, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10476-015-0102-9
Wu, S. H., & Baricz, A. (2009). Generalizations of Mitrinovic, Adamovic and Lazarevic inequalities and their applications. Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen, 75(3-4), 447-458. https://doi.org/10.5486/PMD.2009.4530
Zhu, L. (2019). An unity of Mitrinovic-Adamovic and Cusa-Huygens inequalities and the analogue for hyperbolic functions. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Serie A. Matematicas (RACSAM), 113(4), 3399-3412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-019-00706-4
Abramowitz, M., & Stegun, I. (1972). Handbook of mathematical functions (Applied Mathematics Series 55). Washington, DC.
Chen, C.-P., & Sandor, J. (n.d.). Inequality chains for Wilker, Huygens and Lazarevic type inequalities. http://ajmaa.org/RGMIA/papers/v15/v15a11.pdf
Chouikha, A. R. (2025). New look of trigonometric and hyperbolic inequalities. International Journal of Open Problems in Computer Science and Mathematics, 18(4). https://ijopcm.icsrs.uk/index.php/journal/article/view/45
Chouikha, A. R. (n.d.). On the 1-parameter trigonometric and hyperbolic inequalities chains. In Exploring the benefits of numerical simulation and modelling. IntechOpen. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1184491
Chouikha, A. R., & Chesneau, C. (2025). Contributions to hyperbolic 1-parameter inequalities. Open Journal of Mathematical Analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/psrp-oma2024.0135
Chouikha, A. R. (2026). Finest bounds for the sinc trigonometric function and applications. https://hal.science/hal-05456227
Gradshteyn, I., & Ryzhik, I. (2015). Table of integrals, series, and products (8th ed.). Academic Press.
Wu, S.-H., Li, S.-G., & Bencze, M. (2016). Sharpened versions of Mitrinovic-Adamovic, Lazarevic and Wilker's inequalities for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Applications, 9(5), 2688-2696. https://doi.org/10.22436/jnsa.009.05.65
Wu, S., & Debnath, L. (2009). A generalization of L'Hospital-type rules for monotonicity and its application. Applied Mathematics Letters, 22(2), 284-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2008.06.001
Malesevic, B., Lutovac, T., Rasajski, M., & Mortici, C. (2018). Extensions of the natural approach to refinements and generalizations of some trigonometric inequalities. Advances in Difference Equations, 2018, Article 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-018-1545-7
Anderson, G. D., Vamanamurthy, M. K., & Vuorinen, M. (1993). Inequalities for quasiconformal mappings in space. Pacific Journal of Mathematics, 160(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2140/pjm.1993.160.1
Chen, C.-P., Cheung, W.-S., & Wang, W. (2011). On Shafer and Carlson inequalities. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2011, Article 840206. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/840206
Guo, B.-N., & Qi, F. (2010). Sharpening and generalizations of Carlson's inequality for the arc cosine function. Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 39(3), 403-409.
Guo, B.-N., Luo, Q.-M., & Qi, F. (2013). Sharpening and generalizations of Shafer-Fink's double inequality for the arc sine function. Filomat, 27(2), 261-265. https://doi.org/10.2298/FIL1302261G
Klen, R., Visuri, M., & Vuorinen, M. (2010). On Jordan type inequalities for hyperbolic functions. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2010, Article 362548. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/362548
Larsson, L. (2003). A new Carlson type inequality. Mathematical Inequalities & Applications, 6(1), 55-79. https://doi.org/10.7153/mia-06-06
Malesevic, B. J. (2007a). One method for proving inequalities by computer. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2007, Article 78691. https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/78691
Malesevic, B. J. (2007b). An application of lambda-method on inequalities of Shafer-Fink type. Mathematical Inequalities & Applications, 10(3), 529-534. https://doi.org/10.7153/mia-10-49
Mitrinovic, D. S. (1970). Analytic inequalities. Springer-Verlag.
Neuman, E., & Sandor, J. (2010). On some inequalities involving trigonometric and hyperbolic functions with emphasis on the Cusa-Huygens, Wilker, and Huygens inequalities. Mathematical Inequalities & Applications, 13(4), 715-723. https://doi.org/10.7153/mia-13-50
Neuman, E., & Sandor, J. (2011). Optimal inequalities for hyperbolic and trigonometric functions. Bulletin of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 3(3), 177-181.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.jpg)
