Morphological and mechanical properties of chitosan/cellulose nanofibrils/aspirin polymer nanocomposite films
Abstract
This study examined the mechanical properties of composite films composed of chitosan, cellulose nanofibrils, and aspirin. This biomaterial has promising characteristics and holds potential for various applications. The composite material, which was synthesised using precise fabrication techniques, consists of chitosan as a biocompatible substrate, cellulose nanofibrils for enhancing structural integrity, and aspirin for additional therapeutic benefits. The composite material exhibited increased tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break. The experimental results demonstrate that the tensile strength and tensile modulus exhibit an upward trend as the loading of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) increases. This observation suggests a synergistic improvement in mechanical robustness, which can be attributed to the combined effects of chitosan and CNFs. A reduction in elongation at break was seen as the loading of CNFs increased. The adaptability of the material is further emphasised by its tensile modulus and elongation at break. This study presents opportunities for the development of sustainable packaging materials, as the biodegradable properties of chitosan and cellulose are in line with current environmental priorities. The composite films composed of chitosan, cellulose nanofibrils, and aspirin demonstrate a notable combination of mechanical robustness and therapeutic properties. This research establishes the foundation for future attempts in biomaterial design by introducing a versatile composite that has the potential to significantly influence various sectors, including materials science and healthcare.
References
Omidi, S., & Kakanejadifard, A. (2019). Modification of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle by long chain pyridinium compounds: synthesis, characterisation, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Carbohydrate Polymers, 208, 477-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.097
Silva, M.M., Calado, R., Marto, J., Bettencourt, A., Almeida, A.J., & Gonçalves, L.M.D. (2017). Chitosan nanoparticles as a mucoadhesive drug delivery system for ocular administration. Marine Drugs, 15, 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15120370
Orasugh, J.T., Saha, N.R., Rana, D., Sarkar, G., Mollick, M.M.R., Chattoapadhyay, A., Mitra, B.C., Mondal, D., Ghosh, S.K., & Chattopadhyay, D. (2018). Jute cellulose nano-fibrils/hydroxypropylmethylcellulose nanocomposite: A novel material with potential for application in packaging and transdermal drug delivery system. Industrial Crops and Products, 112, 633-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.069
Abba, M., Ibrahim, Z., Chong, C.S., Zawawi, N.A., Kadir, M.R.A., Yusof, A.H.M., & Razak, S.I.A. (2019). Transdermal delivery of crocin using bacterial nanocellulose membrane. Fibers and Polymers, 20(10), 2025-2031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-9076-8
Peña-Juárez, M.C., Guadarrama-Escobar, O.R., & Escobar-Chávez, J.J. (2022). Transdermal delivery systems for biomolecules. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 17, 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-020-09525-2
Vega-Vásquez, P., Mosier, N.S., & Irudayaraj, J. (2020). Nanoscale drug delivery systems: from medicine to agriculture. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8, 79. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00079
Wang, Y., Zeng, L., Song, W., & Liu, J. (2022). Influencing factors and drug application of iontophoresis in transdermal drug delivery: an overview of recent progress. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 12, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-021-00898-6
Pawar, P.M., Solanki, K.P., & Mandali, V.A. (2018). Recent advancements in transdermal drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharmacy and Clinical Research, 10(3), 65-73.
Sarkar, G., Orasugh, J.T., Saha, N.R., Roy, I., Bhattacharyya, A., Chattopadhyay, A.K., Rana, D., & Chattopadhyay, D. (2017). Cellulose nanofibrils/chitosan based transdermal drug delivery vehicle for controlled release of ketorolac tromethamine. New Journal of Chemistry, 41, 15312-15319. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ02539D
Ramadon, D., McCrudden, M.T.C., Courtenay, A.J., & Donnelly, R.F. (2020). Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 12, 758-791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-021-00909-6
El-Alfy, E.A., El-Bisi, M.K., Taha, G.M., & Ibrahim, H.M. (2020). Preparation of biocompatible chitosan nanoparticles loaded by tetracycline, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin as novel drug delivery system for improvement the antibacterial properties of cellulose based fabrics. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 161, 1247-1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.118
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
