Isolation of ecdysterone from a sea anemone (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) collected off Dakar (Senegal) and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation against head-and-neck and renal carcinoma cell lines
Abstract
Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) are still poorly explored as a source of secondary metabolites, although some of them have shown cytotoxic and antitumour activity. A specimen collected off Soumbédioum (Dakar, Senegal) was extracted with ethanol and then with dichloromethane/methanol (1:1). The ethanolic extract, which gave the better HPLC profile, was fractionated by solid-phase extraction, partition with n-butanol and vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) on RP-C18 silica gel, and a major polyhydroxylated sterol, SB1 (8.4 mg; 0.0021% of the wet weight), was obtained. HRMS ([M+H]+ at m/z 481.3152, C27H44O7; Δ = −1.6 ppm) and 1D/2D NMR data (COSY, HSQC, HMBC) identified SB1 as ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone), and analytical HPLC showed a single main peak. Cytotoxicity was tested by the MTT assay after 72 h of exposure (6.25–50 µM) on two head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma lines (CAL33, CAL27) and one renal cell carcinoma line (786-O). Viability fell with concentration in all three lines. CAL33 and CAL27 were more sensitive (apparent IC50 ≈ 10.4 and 10.6 µM) than 786-O (≈ 31.1 µM), whose viability stayed close to 100% up to 12.5 µM. No non-cancerous cell line was tested, so these results show a difference in sensitivity between cancer lines and say nothing about selectivity for tumour cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ecdysterone from a sea anemone collected off the West African coast, together with a preliminary assessment of its in vitro cytotoxicity towards head-and-neck and renal carcinoma cells.
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